스콧틀랜드의 최초 순교자 패트릭 하밀톤이 받은 재판 재현 Patrick Hamilton: Recreating the tria…
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출처: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-36037253
Patrick Hamilton: Recreating the trial of the first Scottish martyr Published 4 May 2016 Patrick Hamilton was tried and executed on the same day in 1528 - By Duncan Leatherdale BBC News Almost 500 years ago a young theologian was burned at the stake for daring to challenge the Roman Catholic church. Now his trial - which sparked a national outcry and was a key trigger of the Scottish Reformation - is being recreated and reassessed at one of the institutions which helped execute him. Patrick Hamilton's agonising death at the stake was supposed to scare critics of the Roman Catholic church in Scotland into silence. Instead, the flames that consumed him over six excruciating hours kindled the country's religious reformation. |
패트릭 해밀턴: 스코틀랜드 최초의 순교자의 재판 재현 게시됨 2016년 5월 4일 발간됨 패트릭 해밀턴은 1528년 재판받은 그날 처형당했다. - 던컨 레더데일 저술 BBC 뉴스 거의 500년 전에 한 젊은 신학자가 로마 천주교회에 감히 대항했다는 이유로 화형을 당했다. 이제 그의 온 나라를 촉발시켰으며 스코틀랜드 종교개혁의 주요 계기가 되었던 재판이 그를 처형하는 데 도움을 준 기관 중 한 곳에서 재현되어 재평가를 받고 있다. 패트릭 해밀턴의 고통스러운 죽음은 스코틀랜드의 로마 가톨릭 교회를 비평하는 사람들에게 겁을 주어 그들을 침묵 시킬 것으로 예상했었다. 그 대신, 6시간에 걸쳐 그를 휩쓸었던 끔찍한 고통의 불길은 그나라의 종교 개혁을 불질렀다. |
Hamilton, a preacher and member of the faculty of arts at the University of St Andrews in Fife, was killed on 29 February 1528, in the centre of the town after he spoke out against what he saw as corruption in the church in Scotland. His trial revolved around 13 thoughts he had expressed in the preceding months which challenged church "hypocrisy" and called for the Bible, then only copied into Latin, to be more available to common people. "Here we have a young man saying the church has become too powerful, corrupt and hypocritical," says William Eves, a research fellow at the University of St Andrews' School of History. "Influenced by the work of Martin Luther in Germany, Hamilton wanted a simpler form of worship which focused more closely on scripture than on the rituals of the Roman Church." ================== Who was Patrick Hamilton? Hamilton was born into a rich and noble Scottish family - his mother was the granddaughter of James II, making Hamilton a distant cousin of the 15-year-old James V. As a younger son he was destined for a career in the church and in 1517 he was made titular abbot of Fearn Abbey. In 1518 he went to study at the University of Paris where it is believed he first came across the preachings of Martin Luther, a German theologian who essentially founded Protestantism. He returned to Scotland in 1523 and a year later joined the faculty of arts at the University of St Andrews. Hamilton's preachings soon came to the attention of the Archbishop of St Andrews and the university's chancellor James Beaton who ordered the inquiry which led to his trial and execution. He was 24 years old when he died. |
해밀턴은, 설교자이자 파이프의 성 앤드류스 대학교 예술 학부 일원이었는데 1528년 2월 29일 마을 중심부에서 그는 스코틀랜드 교회의 부패에 반대하는 발언을 한 후 살해당했다. 그의 재판은 지난 몇 달 동안 그가 표현한 13가지 생각을 중심으로 진행되었다. 그는 교회의 '위선'에 도전했고 오직 라틴어로만 복사되던 성경을 일반 사람들이 더 쉽게 이용할 수 있도록 해야 한다고 주장했다. "여기 한 젊은이가 있어 그는 교회가 너무 강력하고 부패했으며 위선적으로 되었다고" 말한다고 성 앤드류 대학교 연구원인 윌리엄 이브스는 말하고 있다. “독일 마틴 루터의 연구에 영향을 받은 해밀턴은 더 단순한 로마 카톨릭의 의식보다는 더 성경에 초점을 맞춘 예배 형태 를 원했었다." ==================== 패트릭 해밀턴은 누구였나? 해밀턴은 부유하고 고귀한 스코틀랜드 가문에서 태어났다. 그의 어머니는 제임스 2세의 손녀로 해밀턴은 15세 제임스V의 먼 사촌이었다. 맏아들이 아닌 아들로서 그는 교회에서 일할 운명이었고 1517년에 그는 훤 수도원의 대수도원장이 되었다. 1518년에 그는 파리 대학교에 공부하러 갔으며 그곳에서 독일의 본질적으로 개신교의 창시자/신학자인 마르틴 루터의 설교를 처음 접했다. 그는 1523년에 스코틀랜드로 돌아왔고 1년 후에 성 앤드루스 대학교의 예술 학부에 합류했다. 해밀턴의 설교는 곧 성 앤드루스 대주교의 주목을 받게 되었다. 그리고 이 조사를 지시한 대학교의 제임스 비튼(James Beaton) 총장은 그의 재판과 처형을 촉구했었다. 그가 죽었을 때 나이는 24세였다. |
One of the reasons Hamilton's death had such resonance was where it took place. St Andrews was the centre of Catholicism in Scotland having reputedly acquired the relics of the town's namesake in the 4th Century, believed to be the apostle's arm, three fingers, kneecap and a tooth. The Archbishop of St Andrews was a powerful position that came complete with a formidable castle on the cliffs and great cathedral from which the town's streets radiated. Remains of the cathedral IMAGE SOURCE,ST ANDREWS UNIVERSITY/BBC Image caption, The cathedral of St Andrews was the centre of Catholicism in Scotland. |
해밀턴의 죽음이 그토록 공감을 불러일으킨 이유 중 하나는 죽음이 일어난 장소였다. 성 앤드류스성당은 스코틀랜드 천주교의 중심지였으며 이 성당은 4세기에 성 앤드류스의 팔, 세 손가락, 슬개골, 치아등의 유물을 보전하고 있다고 알려진 마을이었다. 성 앤드류스 대주교는 다음과 같은 강력한 지위를 갖고 있었으니 절벽 위의 무시무시한 성과 도시의 거리들이 퍼지는 곳에 자리 잡고 있었다. 대성당 유적 이미지 출처, ST ANDREWS UNIVERSITY/BBC 이미지 캡션, 세인트 앤드루스 대성당은 스코틀랜드 가톨릭교의 중심지였습니다. |
성 앤드류스 성당은 스코틀랜드 천주교의 중심지였다.
The university, more famous in recent years for being the meeting place of Prince William and Kate Middleton, was founded in 1413 and, like the church, was an important institution in Scotland. But also like the church, it did not come out well from the trial and death of Patrick Hamilton. Not only did the university refuse to help its student against the charges brought by the church, it also helped the accusers compile evidence of his misdeeds. ======================= Hamilton's heresy Patrick Hamilton's trial was based around 13 comments he was said to have made which the church considered heretical. These included his beliefs that the church's confession service, which cleared people of their sins, was "devilish" and unable to actually provide penance, and that "corruption of sin" remains in children after their baptism. He was also accused of saying "no obedience is due" to the laws and rituals carried out by the church as they were created by men, not passed down from the Bible. The church was also angered by his claims that the sacraments - ceremonies intended to bestow spiritual grace - were ineffectual and those who had put their faith in them before their deaths died in an "evil and imperfect faith and are buried in hell". Hamilton also said tithes - a form of tax - should not be paid to the church and the Bible, which was the word of God, should be translated into English so more people could read it rather than having to rely on priests reading the Latin. |
최근 몇 년간 윌이엄 왕자와 키이트 미들톤이 만남 장소로 더욱 유명해진 이 대학은 1413년에 설립되었으며 교회 못지 않게 스코틀랜드의 중요한 기관이었다. |
해밀톤의 이름 첫글자가 그가 죽운 장소의 돌길에 놓여져 있다.
On 6 May this year the university will recreate the trial which, though it was held 488 years ago, still has relevance today, says Mr Eves. He says: "Freedom of speech, the way evidence is gathered, the speed with which justice should be done and the potentially inflammatory effects of high-profile trials, all of which were of central importance to the trial of Hamilton, continue to be debated today." Hamilton's death shocked many and inspired others to join the Protestant movement, not least because the details of his last few hours made for an unpleasant account. |
올해 5월 6일 대학은 488년 전에 열렸지만 오늘날에도 여전히 관련성이 있는 재판을 재현할 것이라고 이브스씨는 말했다.
그는 "언론의 자유, 증거 수집 방식, 정의가 실현되는 속도, 세간의 이목을 끄는 재판의 잠재적인 선동 효과 등 해밀턴 재판에서 가장 중요한 요소들에 대한 논의가 오는 날에도 계속되고 있다"고 말했다.
해밀턴의 죽음은 많은 사람들에게 충격을 주었고 그들이 개신교 운동에 참여하도록 영감을 주었으니 특히 그의 마지막 몇 시간에 대한 세부 사항이 불쾌한 설명을 했기 때문이다. |
St Andrews from high tower Image caption, The streets of St Andrews radiated from the cathedral. The tower of St Salvator's church outside which Patrick Hamilton was executed can be seen in the centre of the picture further up the street from the cathedral's ruins. A strong easterly wind blew through North Street preventing the fire at his feet from properly taking hold. So it was a long, slow and painful process. Gunpowder which had been laid to hasten the blaze merely scorched and burned Hamilton's head and hands. |
높은 타워에서 세인트 앤드루스 |
Face in the wall Image caption, The image of Hamilton's face is said to have been burned into a brick at St Salvator's church overlooking the spot of his execution But he remained resolute, refusing the pleas of onlookers to repent. As the end neared a voice in the crowd called for Hamilton to give a sign if he still had faith in his teachings. Hamilton raised three fingers and held them high until he died. Afterwards, one man, John Lindsay, reportedly wrote to Archbishop Beaton: "If you burn any more you will utterly destroy yourselves. "If you will burn them let them be burnt in deep cellars, for the smoke of Patrick Hamilton has infected as many as it blew upon." As well as being a subject for debate among its scholars, Hamilton's death has also left a physical mark on St Andrews. His initials are depicted in the cobbles where he met his end while a face purported to be his was said to have melted into a stone on nearby St Salvator's church tower.
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벽 속의 얼굴 |
James Beaton IMAGE SOURCE,UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Image caption, Archbishop James Beaton was warned Hamilton's death had inspired others to oppose the church According to university lore, any student walking over the cobbles will fail their exams unless they run into the North Sea at dawn on first day of May. There is also a memorial to Hamilton and other martyrs who followed his lead and were killed by the church. Talking Law will be held at the Byre Theatre on 6 May with a dramatisation of Hamilton's trial followed by a debate with panellists barrister Harry Potter, sheriff Lorna Drummond and former Tayside Police assistant chief constable Angela Wilson. Tickets are free and the project is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. |
제임스 비튼 |
번역: 유샤인, Translation by YouShine
작성일2023-10-01 15:23
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